Challenges in India's Transportation Sector

India’s transportation sector is vital for the country’s economic growth, playing a significant role in moving goods across the nation. Trucks carry about 60-65% of the freight traffic in  India. However, various problems hinder its efficiency and effectiveness. This page of TrucksBuses explores the current state of the trucking and logistics industry in India, its challenges, and the steps taken by the Indian government and transportation authorities to address these issues.

Understanding the Importance of India’s Transportation Sector

India’s transportation sector is vital for the country’s economy. It connects cities, towns, and villages, allowing goods to move efficiently nationwide. Trucks play a major role, carrying about 60-65% of freight traffic. This helps businesses operate smoothly and ensures that people receive necessary products on time. A strong transportation system supports trade, creates jobs, and promotes overall growth. However, challenges like driver shortages and poor road conditions can hinder this sector's effectiveness. By addressing these issues, India can enhance its transportation system and boost economic development.

Current Transportation Problems in India

1. Driver Shortage

One of the major challenges in India’s trucking industry is the shortage of drivers. Currently, for every 100 trucks, there are only about 55 drivers, down from 75 a few years ago. With around 60 lakh trucks on the roads, there are only about 36 lakh drivers available. This means many trucks remain idle due to the lack of drivers.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the ratio was much better, with about 1.3 drivers for every truck. The shortage means 20 lakh trucks aren’t being used. Many drivers return to their villages for events like weddings or voting, worsening the situation. This issue is particularly problematic for medium and heavy trucks, making it harder to transport goods across the country.

Reasons for Driver Shortage

Several factors contribute to this shortage:

• Low Salaries: Truck drivers in India earn about ₹20,000-25,000 per month. This is relatively low compared to city cab drivers, who make between ₹20,000-30,000. Cab driving is less physically demanding and offers similar or better pay, which attracts more people.
• Health Issues: Over 50% of truck drivers develop health problems, such as back pain and cervical issues, by the age of 40-42. Extreme weather conditions have further aggravated health concerns, causing many drivers to miss work.
• Lack of Respect: Many people do not respect truck drivers, leading to dissatisfaction with the profession. Long periods away from home and the social stigma attached to the job discourage new drivers from joining the industry.

Possible Solutions

To address the driver shortage, it is essential to improve working conditions and salaries. Training programs and support for drivers’ well-being are vital for attracting new drivers.

The All India Transporters Welfare Association (AITWA) launched the Highway Heroes+ program to support truck drivers. This initiative provides accident and medical insurance at a low cost, along with 24/7 help to prevent official harassment. As of September 2023, nearly 10,000 drivers have received support through this program.

Additionally, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways plans to mandate that all new trucks manufactured after October 1, 2025, must come with AC cabins, making the driving experience more comfortable.

2. Lack of Resting Spots

Another significant challenge for truck drivers is the lack of proper resting places during long journeys. Studies show that over 58% of drivers often feel tired or struggle to get enough sleep, which poses a serious safety risk.

Drivers typically spend about 20-25 days away from home each month and drive around 11.9 hours per day. Unfortunately, there are not enough safe and comfortable resting spots along highways. This forces many drivers to stop in unsafe locations, making them vulnerable to robberies.

For example, in June 2024, truck drivers resting at a roadside restaurant in Madhya Pradesh fell victim to theft. After eating, many discovered their belongings, including phones, had been stolen. Such incidents highlight the dangers faced by drivers who lack secure places to rest.

Possible Solutions

The Indian government is addressing the need for resting spots by planning to build 1,000 modern rest facilities across the country. Prime Minister Modi emphasized the importance of these facilities at the Bharat Mobility Global Expo, recognizing the challenges drivers face.

Although drivers will need to pay a small fee for these services, the goal is to create comfortable and safe places for them to rest. This initiative will ultimately enhance safety on India’s roads.

3. Highway Conditions

Indian highways are much more dangerous than regular roads, which is another major challenge. Although national and state highways only make up 4.9% of the total road length, they accounted for 60.5% of all road accident deaths in 2022. Speeding is a significant problem, contributing to 72% of accidents and 71% of road deaths.

Trucks are often involved in accidents, with two-wheelers being the most affected. Rogue drivers who speed, run red lights, and drive against traffic make conditions even more hazardous. Additionally, bumpy roads, jaywalkers, heavy traffic, and stray animals pose serious risks to drivers.

For example, in April 2024, six people died and over 20 were injured when a speeding truck collided with a bus in Uttar Pradesh. Such tragic incidents underline the urgent need for safer road conditions.

Possible Solutions

To improve highway safety, several actions can be taken. First, the government should invest in repairing and maintaining highways. Better roads lead to fewer accidents caused by poor conditions.

Next, stricter regulations for truck drivers and companies are essential. Drivers should receive proper training, and companies must ensure their trucks are well-maintained and comply with safety regulations.

To address the issue of stray animals on highways, it is recommended that the government provide safe shelters.

Leading Brands in India’s Transportation Sector

India's transportation sector is supported by several well-known truck manufacturers. Here are some prominent brands and their models that play a key role in the industry:

1. Tata Motors: Known for its reliability, Tata truck brand offers models like the Tata Ace Gold Mini Truck, Tata 407 SFC Truck, and Tata Prima Series, which are popular for their performance and durability.

2. Ashok Leyland: A leader in the commercial vehicle market, Ashok Leyland truck brand produces models such as the Ashok Leyland Dost mini truck, Ashok Leyland Captain 5532 tractor-trailer, and the Ashok Leyland 4120 Truck, recognized for their strength and efficiency.

3. Mahindra: Mahindra provides versatile options like the Mahindra Bolero Pik-Up and Mahindra Furio series, which are well-suited for various transport needs.

4. BharatBenz: A newer player in the market, BharatBenz truck brand offers models like the BharatBenz 1217R cargo truck and BharatBenz 2523R truck, known for their advanced technology and fuel efficiency.

5. Eicher: Eicher trucks, such as the Eicher Pro 3015 Truck and Eicher Pro 6037 Truck, are appreciated for their performance and value for money.

These brands contribute significantly to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of India's transportation sector.

Could Better Working Conditions Attract More Drivers?

Improving working conditions could help attract more drivers to India’s trucking industry. Many drivers face long hours, low pay, and limited rest opportunities. By offering better salaries and more comfortable working environments, companies can make the job more appealing. Providing facilities for relaxation, as well as better health care, can also encourage more people to join the profession. Training programs that focus on driver well-being and safety can enhance job satisfaction. When drivers feel valued and supported, they are more likely to stay in the industry, helping to address the current driver shortage and improve transportation efficiency.

Enhancing Driver Experience: How TrucksBuses Supports the Future of India's Transportation Sector
TrucksBuses is dedicated to improving the experience of truck drivers in India. The website provides valuable information about various truck models, industry news, and best practices for driver safety and well-being. By promoting better working conditions and highlighting initiatives for driver support, TrucksBuses aims to attract more people to the profession. The platform also offers resources for businesses to improve their operations and understand the needs of their drivers. Through these efforts, TrucksBuses plays a vital role in shaping a brighter future for India's transportation sector, benefiting both drivers and the economy.

Conclusion

By focusing on improving road infrastructure, addressing driver shortages, and enhancing safety measures, India can overcome the current transportation challenges. A robust and dynamic trucking industry is essential for supporting the country’s economic ambitions. With concerted efforts from the government and industry stakeholders, a safer and more efficient transportation system can be achieved.

Related Blog - 

Top 7 Tata Tractor Trailer Models in India 2024
Difference Between BS6 and BS4